Christian Initiation Essay Example

Christian Initiation Essay Throughout this coursework, I intend to cover in fully detail on what initiation is as well as how people join the church. I will also be stating the differences in baptism for both adults and children. The second part of the coursework will explain the affects and differences that Baptism can have upon a person throughout their life, as well as the changes that occur too. This will be done via the aid of examples. The last part of the coursework will show ideas comparing or weighing up of what people think about Baptism. Joining a community, an organization or even a gang usually involves an initiation ceremony where a person must go through a process set by that group to be able to become a member. An example of an initiation ceremony is of Nelson Mandela who had to go through a process of having a live circumcision before shouting in front of other members, I am a man!. Only after doing this was he able to join and be considered a member of the Xhosa tribe. The rite of initiation I have chosen to do is baptism. Roman Catholics celebrate this rite of initiation by usually baptizing the child when they are an infant. Parents are accompanied by chosen Godparents at the ceremony where together, they agree and promise to provide the child with a Christian upbringing. The priest will usually pour blessed water over the childs head which signals that the original sin in which that child was born with, has been washed away. The priest continues by saying, (childs name)I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen. He marks the childs head with the sign of the cross with special oils such as chrism as a sign of being chosen as well as a sign of strength. A white garment is put on the child as a candle is lit from the paschal candle which is given to the parents. The paschal candle represents the death and resurrection of Jesus. The Orthodox Church celebrates this rite of initiation by fully immersing the c hild into water. A service of chrismation immediately follows on after the immersion where the child will be confirmed as a full member of the church. Chrism is placed on the childs head, lips, chest, eyes, ears, hands and feet which symbolically represents the seal of the holy spirit on the life of that child. We will write a custom essay sample on Christian Initiation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Christian Initiation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Christian Initiation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Pentecostal and Baptist churches don not agree in baptizing children when they are infants. They believe that a person must be old enough to understand the commitments that they are taking before being baptize. They believe in believers baptism where a person around the age of 13 upwards can be baptized. During the ceremony, the minister will give a sermon that explains the importance of baptism as an outward sign that a persons life has been changed by the Holy Spirit. The candidates that wish to be baptized usually wear light or white clothing as a symbol of forgiveness and new life and theyll be asked if they have repented on their sins and have faith in Jesus Christ. Every candidate has an option of reading a section from the bible that is important to them or they may also give a testimony before being immersed. The candidate and the minister both step in to the baptistry where the minister says, (Name), because you have repented of your sins and have requested baptism, I now ba ptize you in the name of the Father, and of the son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen. At this moment, the candidate is fully immersed in water which is a sign that the old life has died and that the Christian is buried in the same way as Jesus was buried in the tomb. The candidate will then leave the pool where a friend or a sponsor will be waiting with a towel. This person will be important and supportive to the candidates belief. The candidate changes before returning to the service. Baptism is very important and has a meaning to people because it allows a persons sins to be washed away and so therefore, it gives them a fresh start. It is also assumed that baptized brings a person closer to God as well as giving them strength to resist temptation. Christians believe that when a person is baptized, they are being born again. They also believe that baptism brings the Holy Spirit into the person to give them a new life that brings them closer to Jesus and gives them strength to be more like him. Parents choose to baptize their children when they are babies because they believe that Baptism symbolises the beginning of eternal life, and so they believe that at baptism, the baby is being re-born as Gods child. They also believe that Baptism greets the baby into the family of God. This makes most Parents wanting to make their children members of the churches congregation from an as early age as possible. Christians believe that Baptism cleanses Original Sin. Although young children are not able to understand right or wrong from such an age, the water of baptism is seen as a symbol of the Holy Spirit going into the childs life and giving them the strength to fight the temptations of sin later in life. Some people choose to baptize when they are adults because they want to follow the way Jesus was baptized as an adult as well as the fact that they want to be totally immersed, just like the way the first Christians were baptized. As a newly baptized infant, their belief and actions will be dependent upon the major influence of their parents who will be teaching them of their own belief which will influence the every day decisions that the children will be making, for example, of whats right and wrong. As for an adult who is newly baptized, their belief and actions will be influenced with him/her wanting to conform and be accepted with the local community. The affects that baptism can have upon a person is illustrated in an interview with our religion teacher Mr. Campbell, who had infant baptism. Although he was unable to comment on life before he had his baptism since he was baptized when he was a baby, he was able to comment on the way baptism has changed his life. He believes that baptism has set him on the road to heaven, brought him closer to God and given him reconciliation which he considers to be very important. It has given him the opportunity for marriage, where he has had two children, which he cons iders as a very positive aspect and something that has brought him happiness. Lastly, it has got him a job as a R.E. teacher. So from Mr Campbell, a great deal of his life is owned towards his baptism which has the paved the way for so many things in his life so far. Believers Baptism is when a person from around the age of 13 and upwards is baptized by total immersion. Christians who believe in Believers Baptism believe that the person must decide for themselves whether they are prepared to take the commitment they bear after becoming baptized. Infant Baptism is the baptism of usually an infant by water being poured over the childs head before having their head dubbed with the cross with special oil called Chrism. Here, the parents and selected Godparents promise to bring the child through a Christian environment. One main reason people give for choosing believers baptism is they want to follow the way Jesus was baptized as an adult. Another reason for why people choose believers baptism is that they also want to follow the way the early Christians were baptized which was of total immersion. On the other hand, one main reason for choosing an infant baptism is Baptism symbolises the beginning of eternal life, and so they believe that through baptism, the baby is being re-born as a child of God. Another reason for choosing infant baptism is that Baptism greets the baby into the family of God. This makes Parents wanting to make their children members of the churches congregation from an as early age as possible. I think that Believers Baptism is better, so I agree with the statement that Believers Baptism is better than Infant Baptism. The reasons why I believe this are firstly, I believe that a person should understand the commitment and devotion involved in baptism and should be baptized through their own personal will, rather than through the will of parents. This way, it makes baptism more special and important. My second reason is that we should follow our lord Jesus Christ as well as the early Christians who were baptized when they were adults. My final reason is that I believe in total immersion just like the early Christians did it for it represents a whole new life.

Gay Marriage vs. the Bible Essay Example

Gay Marriage vs. the Bible Essay Example Gay Marriage vs. the Bible Essay Gay Marriage vs. the Bible Essay Essay Topic: The Bible The article is called Our Mutual Joy in Newsweek magazine. The article is about gay marriage in our society vs. what the bible has to say about it. The argument that the bible never directly says gay marriage should be outlawed but it does say that marriage should be between a man and a woman. What the argument was is that the bible has since been since revised to modern belief and practices where some things have been changed like sacrifices and haircuts devoted to god. Time has changed and so should the laws governing marriage. The scripture has been broken down by different people and put up against their views, one man named Neil Elliot says that when Paul states that male sex is perverted and should not be, what he was really talking about was the Romans in his time that where doing all bad things not just gay sex. Times have changed and thing like slavery is barbaric and unjust, likewise new marriage laws should be put in place to be congruent with the new age life style. Some said that in the bible the story of King David and his friend Jonathon prove that gay relations are not banned in the bible, and the conservatives then said that story was about a platonic relationship between two men. The author feels like what really matters in life is a stable home, friends, family and what happens in a bedroom really doesn’t matter in the big picture. I think that this idea of same sex marriage is viewed differently between religious and political people. : With the religious person they see it as a threat to their life style and something that may wrongly influence their later generations and will also break traditions, whereas political people wouldn’t have a problem with same sex marriage since its all money and taxes anyways. The political view might say that what happens between two people is their own business and no one else has the right to interfere. Really though I feel the religious just feel threatened that there is â€Å"unclean’ people walking among them, because really, if they are religious and care about others and don’t push their views on others then why should they care, it seems more like a paranoia or superstition. I would rather have a world with people free to be themselves, you can’t control what someone else does and I don’t think it’s even right to try. So for me this article is interesting in the fact that the religious extremists care too much about everyone else that they feel like they need to set laws in place to control them. Again I feel like the religous are just threatened and feel like they’re ways are becoming out of date so to speak. I did feel like the author was a little bias on the side of freedom of choice or the gays. In the closing statement he said what others do in the privacy of their own home is their own business. He also states that Jesus wouldn’t want someone to be lonely and sad; I agree and feel people are hurting more than helping by trying to ban gay marriage. This might sway an unknowing reader in the way of gay marriage and if they are religious, may have them questioning their own beliefs and what they actually stand for, not to mention who they are hurting. In conclusion I think this article may help contemporize religion because there are a lot of beliefs that may hurt others that don’t even need to be. Gay rights for one, as well as the idea of marriage all together and the fact that a man and woman must stay together and divorce is seen as unholy, so would god want men and women in awful relationships are unhappy just to please this request. We live in a age now where ones opinions and decisions are solely based on what that person desires from life, to limit people to who they can love and whether it be legal or not is not the decision of anyone else but that person themselves.

Can focussing on the individual patients needs and personalising their Essay

Can focussing on the individual patients needs and personalising their care plans improve recovery on acute mental health wards - Essay Example Patient needs are different, and different patient require different needs depending on their condition. Therefore, individualizing patient care helps the patient b taken care of in the right manner while receiving the best health services aiming at making the patient comfortable and recover well from an illness. Even though care in the delivery of nursing services is individualized, challenges still occur in the nursing practices in developing a personalized approach to the development of care plan. Therefore, in the process of improving the nursing services rendered to mental health patients, the nurses are required to assess comprehensively and respond to the users individualized service needs and the risks identified. Through actively engaging, the service users in developing nursing care plan that encompasses social, psychological, spiritual and physical needs reduces the risks from developing (Ervin 2006, pp.126–130). Nursing care plans are central components of nursing services being delivered to the users. In making and planning care of patients, nurses should adopt the provision of individualized care that is personalized. The consumers of the services, who are the patients, need to receive a copy if the care plans after they have participated in its development. The care plan should contain the patients views and what they would wish to receive as part of their care and be encouraged to sign it (Tsirintani et al. 2001, p.10). When service users are encouraged to participate and be at the center of developing nursing care and care through the approaches of care planning promotes patients empowerment and supports them through the recovery process. The centrality of care that is individualized in planning has a vital outcome in the services being received by the personalized care treatment and support. The process involves the assessment of the patients’ needs and the planning and delivery of care

PM 3G should launch this year (internationl businese) Article

PM 3G should launch this year (internationl businese) - Article Example It has not been introduced in some countries because of the initial cost of setup. These 3G machines are very expensive and also, licensing fees for its provision is really high. In Thailand's case, though, licensing wouldn't be as expensive as other countries and Thailand's Prime Minister seems to be concerned about the notion of the existence of 3G technology in Thailand. Furthermore, the world is moving towards technological change and it is no more an environment to sit back and relax. Companies and countries alike have to act and adapt quickly, otherwise they fall behind economically and in other world affairs. In a very short time from now, we would move into the age of 4G or something similar, but more advanced than 3G. 3G has hit the market few years ago and engineers are continuously working to develop more sophisticated and advanced technology. This is the time to make money. These days, product life cycles are very short and based on my knowledge, 3G technology would be replaced soon. Look at the example of the U.S. The U.S. telecommunications' providers have capitalized on the opportunity and offered the 3G mobile broadband at sufficiently high prices to match demand. Now, the demand for 3G mobile broadband has gone down a bit, so the providers are offering good deals and discounts to make use of the few remaining days of the current techno logy.

Evidence Based Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evidence Based - Research Proposal Example The researchers used a qualitative research design with the specific use of Phenomenology. This was motivated by the fact that Phenomenology provided the best opportunity for the researchers to get the real picture of how individual participants view the concept of spirituality. The researchers also use the van Manen's method in collecting data for the research study. A total of 11 participants were used for the research study with women dominating the numbers. There were 7 women while the remaining 4 were men. The participants were between the ages of 30 years and 71 years and were all whites. Furthermore, they were all educated with a minimum of a high school qualification (Creel & Tillman, 2008). Each of the participants was subjected to an interview and their views recoded and transcribed in a tape. Thereafter, the lead researcher listened to the interviews and made a phenomenological reflection to grasp each participant’s reflection of the meaning of spirituality. After a thorough analysis of the interviews, it was reported that there were five themes related to the concept of spirituality among individuals suffering from chronic illness. ... The findings are specifically relevant in the body of knowledge related to the spirituality of patients suffering from chronic illness. Furthermore, the researchers have used a reliable research design that ensures highly accurate responses from participants. Therefore, the findings of the research study are reliable. On the other hand, the article has a major weakness of using a narrow selection of participants. All the participants used were whites and this may have affected the accuracy of the results of the study. This also covers the inclusion of people that have religious affiliations in the research study. The study should have used participants from different cultures as well as those that do not have a religious affiliation. Examining the Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Socioecologic Stress on Physical and Mental Health Quality of Life Among Breast Cancer Survivors by Kimlin T. Ashing-Giwa, PhD, and Jung-won Lim, PhD OVERVIEW OF ARTICLE The article discusses a research on a clinical trial aimed at testing the efficacy of brief intervention in reducing the use of alcohol and its related harms in the context of postpartum women. The research design involved the use of quantitative data from a random trial in a clinical setting that was conducted between 2002 and 2005. The research procedures involved the use of health screening survey that was conducted the participant’s 6-week postpartum visit. Some of the items contained in the survey include the level of drinking and period of time. Eligible participants were asked to participate in a baseline assessment interview that involved questions related to the use of alcohol and tobacco among other drugs. The questions also touched on neighborhood disorder,

Basic Lan Network Design Using Cisco Packet Tracer

Basic Lan Network Design Using Cisco Packet Tracer Learning Outcomes are formal statements that articulate what students or learners are able to achieve after following set of instructions, and why they need to do it. It is a process that weighs the objective of doing something and the outcomes of doing that thing. To measure if the LOs have been met, students need to be assessed. Assessment gives the assessor the opportunity to understand how well students have learnt, and also to use the evidence for constant improvements (Baume 2009). LOs, enables the selection of contents that are important for learners, develop instructional strategies to deliver these contents, design, develop and chose what instructional materials to use, build tests materials for assessing and evaluating learners and improve the teacher ability to deliver contents. Using actionable phrases (verbs) to know the why can lead to great learning outcomes formulation. For example, in order to locate background information and statistics of a phenomenon, a learner starts by identifying, consulting and evaluating reference books or journal articles related to the topic. To formulate the LOs in this case, the teacher starts with what students need to know? And why they need to know it (Pek 2002). This introductory section of LOs, form the preamble for what LOs should be and how they should be formulate for quality teaching. LO1 Using effective teaching methods and support of learning With my experience of delivering lectures at the university, colleges in London, being an IT trainer, I have used a wide range of teaching methods over the years. Depending on the environment and the LOs, in this section I intend to elaborate on some of the methods that I have used in the past, advantages and disadvantages of the different teaching methods used. The process of determining LOs starts with the selection of a teaching method (TM), lecturing, small group and class discussions, videotapes, webcast and one-to-one discussion are common examples of TM. In my experience, there is no cut and dry method, in most cases a combination of strategies works well. In line with Gibbs (Gibbs Habeshaw 1993) due consideration should be given to the following when selecting a TM: The subject matter, i.e. what is it about? How knowledgeable the learners are to the subject What need to be achieved (learning objectives) What is the available time frame to meet the learning objectives How many learners are involved or the size of the group Are the participants the right people for the subject? Learning styles of participants Available equipment The room layout The cost Different students learn better in different ways, for example, international students in my class in London prefer visual information while home students prefer verbal inputs. My class is not unique, Glauco reported the same phenomenon in his work on learning style in the multicultural classroom (Vita 2001). This phenomenon can be attributed to cultural differences which play an important role in individual learning style. Additionally, different subjects and topics are easier to understand when taught in different ways. I deploy an interactive strategy with adult students undertaking Cisco Networks training program, this permit discussions, interactions, participation and exchange of viewpoints because of the subjective type and the learning environment which require interactivity between students, the trainer and hardware equipment (experiential learning). Contrasting this with a lecture hall at the university with over 80 students, I deploy a power point presentation with explana tions, pauses, questions and answers because of the class size, the time frame (1 hour) and the subject type which has a no student-hardware interactions(cognitive and constructive learning). In light of selecting teaching method, I have always select suitable methods for the stated learning objectives and LOs. The following sections highlight some of the methods I have used in the past and reasons behind their selection. Lecture Lecture is widely accepted as the best teaching method for larger classes (Carpenter 2006), in computer science (e.g. computer networks), lectures are often followed by lab sessions where students individually work on materials through guided lab sheets. In most cases, the lectures are used to illustrate processes rather than analysis of contents. As a lecturer of computer network (CNET) modules at the university we follow this approach. Students attend an hour lecture which is then followed by a two hours lab session where they implement different network designs and architecture discussed in during lectures. By using both cognitive and constructive learning theories(Swan 2005), the learning objective of the module can be achieved. Though a very useful method, based on my experience and research in this area (Griffiths Oates 2003), lecturing strategy has the following advantages and disadvantages as summarise in the table 1. Table : Advantages and disadvantages of lecture method Advantages Disadvantages Lecture can be used in any classroom size. In a larger classroom, lecture is the only option. It is teacher centred and do not take account of different students learning styles In a conducive and well-presented lecture, students can be motivated to investigate more about a topic. Reduces student participation as they become passive and less active with topics of less interest. The teacher being at the centre of the lecture has total control over everything that happen in the class creating a one-to-many based communication which might be ideal for a large class size learning environment. It is one way communication, students ability to learn depends on notes taking and attentiveness. The teacher can only know if learning is taking place through questions and answers. Discussion This learning method enables students to be actively involved in what they are supposed to be learning. In the computer science discipline (e.g. computer network) which I am involved, students are divided into groups of 3 each. The first 10 minutes of the lab session used to read and brainstorming possible implementation solutions by reflecting on the in-class lectures. This is important because students are given the chance to openly express their opinion about the lab, and what is deemed as possible implementation solution is agreed by the group with the guidance of the teaching. Using discussion method and social learning theory (Bandura 1969), I am able to pull knowledge and ideas from different students. This is useful because in most cases students will have background information about the lab from lectures and should be able to evaluate and analyse different opinions. Students learn by being able to implement their own solutions to a lab scenario. Though a useful method in the lab environment, from my teaching experience and research in discussion teaching methods (Welty 1989), table 2 summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using discussion method as a teaching method. Table : Advantages and disadvantages of Discussion method Advantages Disadvantages Students have the leverage to actively process information and ideas. It is time consuming and unfocused if no clear direction is given to the students. It is unique opportunity for students to share experiences and get involved in making decision on what best practices should be used to achieve the objective of the lab. Students could be protective of their ideas and makes it difficult for the instructor to get others involved. Being interactive, it open communication channels between teachers and students to feedback each other. The size of the class must be restricted Demonstration This laboratory work approach of learning enable students to role play (i.e. experiential learning theory) concepts introduce in lectures (Fry et al. 2009) and (Kolb Boyatzis 1999) Introduction to new concepts, procedures and techniques, can be a bit daunting to students; I have used demonstration to complement in-class lectures at the university and in other colleges that I lecture. Demonstration sessions generally begin with an overview lab session, and the list of points the students need to focus on. Using this approach gives them an idea of what the objectives and the LOs are. This is followed by the session proper, where students are given the chance to perform the procedures just explained in the introduction session. To ensure students are in line with the objectives, I spend the rest of the time observing what they are doing, offering suggestions and feedbacks. Using demonstration as preliminary approach for students to practice some of the concepts learnt in lectures has proven to be a good method of teaching. In light with Brophy (Brophy 2000) and my experience in using demonstration teaching method, table 3 show some of the advantages and disadvantages of using demonstration as a learning method. Table : Advantages and disadvantages of demonstration method Advantages disadvantages Active participation is critical to learning new skills, demonstration enable students to participate in learning. This method does not work well in large class environment, in most cases, videotapes are shown in monitor, which takes away that interactiveness with students Students interest peak up, as they can experience some of the concepts first hand by getting involved It is time consuming to set demonstration sessions In computer networks, demonstration is the only method of conveying complex theories. Demonstration might not always go as planned, as things break down, takes a long time to set them up. Conclusion Teaching methods form the bases on how teaching has to be delivered, different environments, subject, topics and students may require different teaching methods. A combination of two or more teaching methods can be used in effective teaching. However, due consideration should be given to what learning theory can be used and the pros and the cons of individual teaching methods. LO4: Designing, selecting, and using learning resources and ICT to develop an effective learning environment and learner support system. An effective lesson depends on the materials used to deliver or teach it, for students to learn to their maximum potentials, teachers need to identify and create effective teaching materials. A teaching material could be any tool used to deliver or convey information and test students understanding of a subject. Teaching materials includes videos, audio cassette, worksheets, websites and simulators. Designing and selecting teaching materials takes into account the educational goals of the students (Allwright 1981) and how the teacher want the students to absorb, process and retain information during learning (learning theories). With experience of designing and selecting learning materials (e.g. simulators, websites, presentation slides, websites, hardware and software) for students undertaking courses in academic and professional environment, many factors including those in the literature(Commonwealth of Learning 2005) have influence my design and selection of different teaching materials (Cisco packet tracer, MS PowerPoint and Word) among which includes; The objective: the design and selection of learning resources start by identifying what I want the students to know at the end of each lesson, this is known as the cognitive objective (Krathwohl 2002). For example, during the design and selection of learning resources (e.g. Cisco packet tracer, words documents and www.pritmas.com) for Cisco network first year students, the introductory materials are always in form of hand-out and references to useful internet websites. These materials set their expectations from day one and give students an overview the course. Additionally, the design and selection of learning resources also take into account what I want students to be able to do at the end of each lesson, also known as behavioural objectives (Kizlik 2002). Resources vary with learning objectives. For example, computer science students undertaking networking modules have different learning objectives from Cisco students undertaking Cisco Certification courses. However, achieving the objectives of the lesson is deeply incorporated into the design and selection of learning materials. By using tailored learning resources, my students have constantly show high level of interest in the subject. Audience analysis: who are the learners, this comes into play when designing and selecting learning resources. Their race and ages are some key attributes that has to be taken into consideration. This attributes enable tailored delivery of learning objectives. In a multicultural or single culture classroom where students may or may not have different experiences, considering their background knowledge before making references to objects or places they are more familiar with can increase students understanding of a lessons. For instance, HND students undertaking computer hardware module in Cameroon and have never been to the UK have a quite a different type of environment compare to students in the UK taking the same module. With this disparity, the design and selection of materials for the two audiences is different. With experience of delivering the same module in both countries, examples or references used to relate learning objective is different. Different students have different learning style and will learn more effectively when their learning style is used to convey information. As shown in (Vita 2001) foreign students turn to prefer visual learning while home students prefer auditory learning style, having an inventory of what learning style students prefer is important in learning material (e.g. head on projectors and audio clips) design and selection. In a multicultural classroom, it could be daunting to design or select learning materials that will appeal to all the students. To overcome this, I have constantly deployed audio and visual learning materials interchangeably during lectures and practical lessons to ensure no particular group is at the disadvantage. Designing and selecting materials is one thing, how they will be delivered to students is something different. Methods of delivering learning resources include image projection using LCD projector, hand-out copies, website based delivering methods. My methods of contents delivering are largely influenced by students learning style which could be a function of culture as mentioned above. Instructional technology has been at the forefront of my learning material design and selection, technology ease the process of creating and dissemination learning resources to students. However, technology could hinder students who are not familiar with the technology being used in learning (Lea et al. 2001). As an IT teacher, technology has enhanced my ability to engage students and enact different learning theories. For example, I have used personal website(Pritmas.com 2013) to distribute learning resources and support students queries. Conclusion Advances in instructional technologies inherently have a great impact on how lesson resources are design, selected and distributed. For effective design and selection of these resources, key factors such as learning objective, knowing who the students are, learning style, how these materials will be delivered and seeking to integrate technologies into the design and delivering of learning resources is important. However, technologies might be a disadvantaged for students who are not familiar with the technology in used. So teachers should work to overcome this hindrance by selecting appropriate learning theories i.e. how they want students to absorb, process and retain information during learning. Response to reviewers and feedbacks In what ways did the review help? What new ideas do you plan to investigate? Part 3, is your opportunity to respond to the reviewers feedback. In the light of the feedback and discussion with your reviewer, which of your session intended learning outcomes listed in part 1 of the form do you feel were achieved by your learners? How do you know this? Were any met less well and why do you feel this was the case? The following LOs were achieved: Understand DNS concept Explain the composition of an IP address and Domain name Install configure a DNS server and client Through quick assessment (in class question and answer, and the ability for students to implement the lab scenarios) and feedbacks from students, they now feel comfortable to implement and explain theories behind DNS and can now define an IP address and its function in communication On reflection, based on the comments and feedback, explain how you plan to adopt or follow up on new ideas. In your second and third reviews please identify any commonalities between the feedbacks from the different observers. Which aspects will you investigate or find out more about? What will you do and why? This process has been learning exercise, on reflection; I intend to adopt and use the objectives and LOs to structure my teaching, starting from session planning to delivering and assessment. By using SMART objectives and identifying learners needs, it is important to follow a pedagogic structure to ensure LOs are met. I now look forward to work on some of the issues raised during the teaching session. For example, my body language, encouraging students to take down notes and making sure students are actively participating in class or lab sessions. Feedback on the review process How useful has it been? Could the process be improved? It has been an eye opener to get someone to review my teaching, and being able to review someone elses teaching. I will suggest, more time be allocated to the exercise, two or more reviewers per session for cross referencing. Reflections on the PREP Process To be completed by the reviewer and sent to the their PGCAP600 tutor this completes this part of the process. Part 4, is the reviewers opportunity to reflect on the process of reviewing somebody elses teaching. What did you learn from conducting a teaching review? Did the process cause you to think about your own teaching differently? Have you developed any new ideas that you plan to investigate? Has the process of review helped you understand your own teaching strengths and preferences? Has it caused you to think differently about your own methods, design, values etc? Has this helped to confirm or challenge any assumptions about what constitutes effective teaching? Did you gain a different perspective on teaching from a student perspective? Yes, I found it really interesting to observe someone from another discipline teaching, for sure, the review process has reshaped my understanding of teaching and the structural approach that need to be followed to meet the learning outcomes. The process has also renewed my confident in teaching and my ability to impact other peoples future. Taking up the challenge to review a colleague from another discipline was nerve racking in the first place. Lornas engagement with students, her ability to easily connect with them and deal with a difficult situation (fire alarm) just added to some of the things that I have learned from the process. Have you generated any ideas about how you might like to develop your teaching? Yes, as mentioned above, being able to watch someone deliver practical lessons and give feedbacks on how well she has done has been very helpful. I come out of this process with the following new ideas, which I think will enhance my teaching: Seek to understand individual students background Be more open and accommodative Being more knowledgeable in my subject area. Making sure a lesson plans is in place in all Lessons. Build a feedbacks process to improve and to know if learning is taking place Application of different learning theories (per needs) Feedback on the review process How useful has it been? Could the process be improved? I think it is definitely useful to observe others teaching, however my role as a lecturer and demonstrator allows me to design, select and deliver learning materials while also observing other academic members of staff teaching on a regular basis, the PREP exercise was not different. However, observing someone from another discipline demonstrate was unique and reminded me that teaching is about following pedagogic processes and I really value the opportunity to discuss the experience afterwards (i.e. as a reviewer and reviewee). I will suggest, more time be allocated to this exercise (PREP), two or more reviewers per session for cross referencing CONCLUSIONS Teaching is a process of inducing learning to other people, how this process is accomplished and how it impacts both learner and the teaching defines effective teaching. By setting appropriate learning outcomes, defining the best methods to deliver and designing and selecting materials to achieve this outcomes can lead to effective teaching in higher education. APPENDIX University of Plymouth CNET226 Basic LAN network design using Cisco Packet Tracer The objective of todays lab is to design and describe a functional network using Cisco packet tracer simulator. Background You are a network engineer. You were given a job by a company who is one of your most valued customers. You have to design a functional LAN for them that contains 2 groups of 5 pcs each connecting to 2 separate switches. Then the switches are connected to a router (R1) and R1 is connected to the ISP router (R2). So basically you have 2 rooms with 5 pc each and both of these rooms have a switch and they are connected to R1. There is a third room and in this one there is a web server running Server 2008 OS. Connect that one with a separate switch and then to the R1. Tasks Using Cisco Packet Tracer (open cisco packet tracer by clicking start Æ’Â   All programsÆ’Â  packet tracer on your PC). Design a functional network you will use to accomplish the customers business needs. Save it (to save: on packet tracer, use file Æ’Â   save as Æ’Â   .pktÆ’Â  location) we will need this later. An example with pc and servers can be found in the diagram below. C:UsersLouis AnegekuhDesktoplab_3.jpg Figure : Sample Network Design Report: Individually write a report of NOT less than 400 words to explain your network diagram using the following guide. Write a list of the devices and cabling you have used in the design. Write a step by step report on what cables you have usd to connect all your devices and the reason(s) behind the selection. Explain the reason (s) behind the devices you have chosen in your design. What ports (interfaces) are you using to connect the devices in your network? Please save your report for a brief discussion on it next week. NOTE: It is important you all attend next week lab, which will be on IPv4 subnetting.

The Evolution of Human Skin Color Essay -- Human Evolution, 2015

According to Darwin and his theory on evolution, organisms are presented with nature’s challenge of environmental change. Those that possess the characteristics of adapting to such challenges are successful in leaving their genes behind and ensuring that their lineage will continue. It is natural selection, where nature can perform tiny to mass sporadic experiments on its organisms, and the results can be interesting from extinction to significant changes within a species. Human beings are no exception to biological evolution. Like other organisms around the world, humans have significantly changed overtime and have developed all sorts of diverse characteristics. One noticeable characteristic of human beings is the variation of skin color. Skin color has been used to identify, classify, and verify the variation that exists in the human population around the world. How did such a distinct variation arise and how did it play into adaptation? I’ve often heard that â€Å"humans came from monkeys,† or something similar. It is true that humans’ ancestors were primates, who first resided in warm and sunny Africa; they had similar features to today’s apes, such as a hairy body. The purpose of the vast amount of hair was to protect the body from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays and to prevent overheating, mainly by acting as a barrier for the skin underneath the hair (Jablonski, 598). Some parts of the body such as palms were not covered with hair, but with sweat glands. Sweat glands allowed the body to cool off via evaporation at the surface of the skin; sweat glands were more efficient at thermoregulation. Overtime, early humans with a high amount of sweat glands were selected for since they had the best method at the time to keep themselves cool in warm environments (Kirchweger). This meant that overtime, humans lost most of their hair on their bodies, leaving their skin exposed. Sweat gland s were going to help the body to cool down, but they couldn’t protect the skin from harmful UV rays. This is where melanin worked its magic, and it’s the reason for the diversity in skin color today. Melanin helps reduce the absorption of wavelengths into the skin (Chaplin, Jablonski, 59). The more melanin in the skin, the greater the protection against harmful UV rays, and the amount of melanin in the skin correlates with the skin’s color (more melanin means darker skin).... ...m all over the world, with all hues of skin colors. With interracial dating and marriages and more â€Å"mixing† of skin colors, there are multiracial children with various skin colors. Genetically, it enhances variation within the individual, but what about variation within the species? I heard a joke once that eventually in the future, everyone will be beige. Will everyone mix together to an extent that there will be little to no variation anymore, at least skin deep? It’s an interesting concept to think of. At the moment, I believe that there is enough diversity within the human species that we don’t need to worry about the lack of variation in the near future. For now, we can appreciate the diversity of skin colors that has allowed our ancestors to adapt to their environments and survive. It has allowed them to create a lineage of who we are today. Works Cited: 1) Chaplin, G. Jablonski, N. â€Å"The Evolution of Human Skin Coloration.† Journal of Human Evolution 39 (2000) 57-106 2) Jablonski N. â€Å"The Evolution of Human Skin and Skin Color† Annual Reviews Anthropology 33 (2004) 585-623 3) Kirchweger G. â€Å"The Biology of†¦ Skin Color† Discover 22 (2001)

Innocence Within To Kill a Mockingbird Essay

There are many times where childhood and adolescence, whether they be in metaphors or depicted by actual characters, are used in literature in order to convey different times in the work. Sometimes they can be used to convey tribulation or they can be used to convey times of prosperity. With Haper Lee’s story, To Kill A Mockingbird, she uses adolescence to be able to challenge the perspective of a Southern town still stuck in their older ways. She does this many times throughout the book, however in this essay; we will only discuss three instances that shape the story as a whole. The first instance that we will refer to is when in chapter 10, Scout and Jem get their rifles for Christmas. Once they receive their rifles, Atticus says,† ‘I’d rather you shot at tin cans in the back yard, but I know you’ll go after birds. Shoot all the blue jays you want, if you can hit ‘em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. ’† Scout is confused by the saying and so a few sentences later, she asks Miss Maudie, their help, about why it was a sin to kill a mocking bird. Miss Maudie replies with a â€Å"’Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens, don’t nest in corncribs, they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. ’† At first one might read this and think that on face value, they are simply talking about birds; however, if you look closer at the text, the mocking bird can be a depiction of children or a child’s innocence. By saying that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird, because of the very heavy presence that childhood and adolescence takes within the book, one could take the saying as â€Å"it’s a sin to kill or smash innocence† and a mockingbird is a depiction of innocence in the book. It is a sin or rather a sad thing to take away a child’s innocence because it does no harm to anyone. In another chapter, it explains how Scout thinks of herself as an important figure in her household because she figures that without her, Atticus and Miss Maudie would have no clue what to do, while later on is explained in the same chapter that Dill has become aware of his insignificance of his household and is not better off for having that bit of innocence changed. This is one way the book is shaped is that it shows that innocence is a key element in the work and that Atticus throughout the book does not wish to taint the innocence of the children before it is time for them to grow up. Another instance in the book where innocence plays an important role in shaping the work, is in chapter 15 when Atticus is sitting at the jail where Tom Robinson is being held captive for his own protection while awaiting the trial. In the scene, Atticus has a lamp and a chair sitting beside the cell outside and is there to guard Tom Robinson before the trial. As the evening progresses, a crowd shows up with the intention to harm Tom Robinson and to harm Atticus if he does not step aside. During this scene, Scout happens to have been spying on her father and she rushes up to where her father is at, and ends up talking the crowd down with her innocence. In this scene, it is because of her innocence and the way that she speaks with Mr. Cunningham that remind the man that Atticus is a man with a family and that he is a neighbor and not some form of enemy. In this way, the innocence on Scout’s part shapes the work because it shows that no matter how callous someone might be, that innocence can penetrate through the hardened heart. It also shows that the townspeople do realize that Atticus is their friend and not someone who is out to get their women and children. And then the third way that innocence shapes the book is in chapter 19 when Dill cries after seeing the way that the prosecutor addresses Tom Robinson just because of his color. He sees that there is no reason to talk to a person despite race. This shapes the work because it shows that naturally even children can see injustice and it shows that we as adults sometimes lose sight of what’s right and wrong because our views can be tainted and skewed by callousness on our part. There is another instance in the book where Scout’s classmates speak poorly of Atticus for defending a man of color. During this time, Atticus shows Scout that regardless of color, that it was Atticus’ duty to defend anyone if they are innocent and that it should be Scout’s duty as well. This also shapes the work because it shows that no matter what, we should lose sight of what the morally right view is. Throughout the book, innocence is used in numerous occasions and pertaining to different instances in the book. Some of the most important instances where innocence is used is during Tom Robinson’s trial and where the children, Scout, Jem, and Dill can see that the way that the town is treating Tom Robinson is incorrect. At the time Haper Lee wrote To Kill a Mockingbird, it would have been a touchy subject to speak out on because of the Civil Rights Movement, and so the author uses the natural innocence of children to show us just how wrong the case and the treatment of Tom Robinson was throughout his trial and up until his death.

Lapses and Collapses

Lapses and Collapses Lapses and Collapses Lapses and Collapses By Mark Nichol This post lists and defines lapse and its family of related words that pertain to a passage of time or to falling. The words discussed below all derive ultimately from the Latin verb labi, meaning â€Å"fall,† â€Å"sink,† and â€Å"slip,† in addition to other related actions, by way of lapsus, meaning â€Å"falling† or â€Å"slipping† (figuratively or literally) or â€Å"passage of time† (from the sense of â€Å"gliding†). Lapse, as a verb, originally pertained merely to that last sense, but it later applied as well to something becoming invalid or void and acquired the additional meanings of â€Å"commit a sin† or â€Å"fail to retain religious faith.† As a noun, lapse means â€Å"decline† or â€Å"fall,† or â€Å"interval,† â€Å"interruption,† or â€Å"termination,† or it may refer to a mistake due to forgetfulness or inattention, or to abandoning one’s faith. The adjectival form is lapsed; the adjective labile once meant â€Å"prone to fail or fall,† but now it pertains to instability or propensity to change. (The adjective labial and other words pertaining to lips are unrelated.) Labefaction, meanwhile, is a rarely used word meaning â€Å"downfall† or â€Å"overthrow† in the sense of a weakening of civil order or moral principles. When time goes by, it is said to elapse. That word was at one time also a noun, but lapse has superseded it. In theology, several words with the root lapsarian pertain to various beliefs about the biblical account of the fall of humankind as told in the story of the Garden of Eden: postlapsarian (â€Å"after the fall†), prelapsarian (â€Å"before the fall†), sublapsarian (â€Å"under the fall,† which is also the translation of the synonym infralapsarian), and superlapsarian (â€Å"above the fall†). The verb collapse (literally, â€Å"fall together†) means â€Å"fall† or â€Å"fall apart,† â€Å"break down† or â€Å"lose effectiveness or significance,† or â€Å"fold down† or â€Å"give way† and as a noun refers to any of these actions. Something that can be collapsed, generally limited to the sense of â€Å"fold down,† is collapsible, and that quality is called collapsibility. When a body part falls or slips, it is said to prolapse (â€Å"fall forward†), and such an occurrence is a prolapse. A relapse (â€Å"fall again†), meanwhile, is an instance in which symptoms of a disease that had abated recur, and the word also serves as a verb. Lava is an unexpected cognate; the word describing magma, or molten rock, after it has surfaced from underground (in its molten state or after it has cooled and hardened) stems from lapsus by way of Italian. The adjective lavalike refers to something resembling the molten state. Lapidary, referring to cutting of gems and stones, is an unrelated word derived from lapis, the Latin word for â€Å"stone.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"Hang, Hung, Hanged13 Theatrical Terms in Popular Usage

Free Essays on Analysis On John Donnes’ Holy Sonnet 14

to let God know that: He is the one who gives us all breath; He is the one who shines above everything; He is the one that helps us out more than any other thing. Secondly Donne admits that he is a sinner. He states that in order for him to be able to be a new person and â€Å"rise and stand† (3) before God, he must first be overthrown and broken. He goes on to say that he is engulfed in sin and is essentially in an unwanted rela... Free Essays on Analysis On John Donnes’ Holy Sonnet 14 Free Essays on Analysis On John Donnes’ Holy Sonnet 14 Analysis on John Donnes’ Holy Sonnet 14 As a Christian, John Donne writes his â€Å"Holy Sonnet 14: Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God† as a traditional orthodox prayer. He writes in the context of addressing God with praise at the beginning and the end of his prayer. In his prayer he also admits he is a sinner and asks for redemption. This particular course follows the same structure of numerous prayers found throughout the Bible. One of the most prominent of them is â€Å"The Lord’s Prayer† told by Jesus in Matthew 6: 9-13. We know that John Donne was a traditional orthodox Christian by the way he addresses God. He refers to God as a â€Å"three-personed God† in line one. He refers to God as three persons in one unit, not separate, for a reason. Traditional Christianity explains God as being made up of three parts: The Father; The Son; The Holy Ghost. Therefore when Donne refers to God this way we know he is addressing in the traditional orthodox Christian way. In Christianity, the Bible teaches us how to pray. One example is when Jesus recited â€Å"The Lord’s Prayer†. He was setting a particular course that he wanted Christians to follow. The first part of His prayer begins with addressing God and giving Him praise when He says â€Å"Our Father [†¦] Hallowed be Thy name.† (9). Donne follows this by addressing God in the first line. He then goes directly into praising God by saying, â€Å"You / As but knock, breathe, shine, and seek to mend† (1-2). He says these particular words to let God know that: He is the one who gives us all breath; He is the one who shines above everything; He is the one that helps us out more than any other thing. Secondly Donne admits that he is a sinner. He states that in order for him to be able to be a new person and â€Å"rise and stand† (3) before God, he must first be overthrown and broken. He goes on to say that he is engulfed in sin and is essentially in an unwanted rela...

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Paper Example Statesmen and stateswomen must not fear economic damage and use scientific data in debating on solutions, like to compel states in being bound by agreements on climate change. Important to effective talks on the plans is a deeper understanding of the issue. Dowdeswell is correct that world leaders could not craft anti-climate change measures because they guard national interests and they recognize the value of the fossil fuel industry to the economies of their countries. The author tells that leaders protecting country interests resist actions to climate change if these would badly affect their economies (par. 4), and I think this is true in countries with resources that are important globally, such as the Middle East which is a world oil source. I also see that it is natural for leaders to allow the fossil fuel industry to pollute their countries and worsen climate change because their economies thrive and thus benefit from them. After all, the science of climate change is ignored a nd â€Å"attacked by fossil fuel industries† (par.

Final International Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final International Terrorism - Essay Example For example, the US war in Iraq has different social and political reasons than the recent Hamas action against Israel. Yet, at the root of both actions is the fight for land or resources that each feels they are entitled to. The US is fighting for the right to the oil, and Hamas is fighting to regain control of what they perceive as their homeland. Issues of ethnicity, religion, and ideology influence young disciples to commit violent acts, and they all contribute to the perpetuation of the violence, but it is not what brings them to the battle. Radical Islamic groups use religion merely to attract recruits (Rowley and Schneider, 2004, p.560). The US would be less concerned about a democratic or capitalistic Iraq, if the region did not have oil. Hamas would be less concerned about the religious practices of the Jews, if they did not threaten their ability to have a place to call home, and vice-versa. While religious, philosophical, and ideological platitudes are used by leaders to justify violence, the reason for war is the simply the pragmatism regarding the ownership of territory, land, and resources. The Council on Foreign Relations defines Hamas as an organization whose primary purpose is to provide social services for the Palestinian people (Hamas, 2009). The group was formed to do charitable work in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and did not become politically oriented until the Six Day War in 1967, when it began to coordinate political activities with the Muslim Brotherhood in Gaza (Hamas, 2009). Since its first acts of violence in 1993, it has been perceived as a dangerous terrorist group, while obtaining political legitimacy through their recent election as a ruling party. Hezbellah and Hamas have similar social roots, and share the goal of "promising the elimination of Israel from the map of the Middle East" (Rowley and Schneider, 2004, p.559). However, Hamas is an umbrella group for radical Sunni groups and Hezbollah is an organization comprised of Shiite groups. Many shadowy organizations claim the name of Islamic Jihad, and it has become synonymous with a movement, rather than an organization. However, it is an organization that was formed in the Gaza strip in 1981 that professes violence, the destruction of Israel, and the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine (White, 2009, p.226). None of these terrorist organizations present a direct threat to the United States. However, they seek recriminations against the US due to its economic and military support for Israel, which they view as a terrorist nation, as well as protecting Israel from UN sanctions. While negotiations imply an in-depth agreement that may be pre-mature at this point, it would be helpful to open a dialog with organizations such as Hamas and Hezbellah. It could put us on a road to future agreements with minimal risk. 3.) The Kurdish Conflict and the PKK: The Kurds are an ethnically homogeneous group that has a common language and occupy a contiguous geographical area that includes parts of Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Iran. The PKK is the Kurdistan Workers Party, which was formed in 1978 as a Marxist-Leninist organization (White, 2009, p.334). It has a terrorist arm that has the goal of creating