Rational Choice Theory For Juvenile Delinquency - 1774 Words

Rational Choice Theory The Rational Choice Theory, as more commonly referred to as Choice Theory, is a view as to why criminals commit crimes, and more importantly why juveniles choose to be delinquent. The problem of juvenile delinquency in keeping with this viewpoint, makes juvenile delinquency an individual problem and not a social problem. The Rational Choice theory will be detailed throughout this paper as well as the theory’s established ways in which the theorists believe juvenile delinquency can be prevented. The validity of the Rational Choice Theory will also briefly be discussed. What is Rational Choice Theory? Rational choice theory is based on free will. Choice Theory is basically the individual making â€Å"rational†¦show more content†¦Cesare Beccaria published the well-known book On Crimes and Punishments in 1764. Beccaria’s thoughts are commonly referred to as the classical theory. (Shoemaker, 2009, p. 64-65) The work in On Crimes and Punishments inspired multitudes of criminal philosophers two in particular; Locke and Hume. These two believed that, â€Å"human nature was predicated upon the search for pleasure and the avoidance of pain, and that human action was consequently organized around calculative strategies aimed at utility maximization.†(Hayward, 2007, p. 233) This thought justification is how those who believe in the Rational Choice Theory get further away from the social issues that may affect the commission of crimes and try to keep it focused on the individual desires of pleasure and avoidance of pain. This thou ght process may also be in part to the societal want of the juvenile delinquent’s behavior to be solely their fault based on an economic standpoint because if it is individual fault society does not need to fund programs to fix it. As stated in the book The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending, â€Å"†¦ a rational choice perspective on criminal behavior- was intended to locate criminological findings within a framework particularly suitable for thinking about policy relevant research.† (Cornish Clarke, 2014, p. 1) That is to say that yes, many philosophers may truly believe in Choice Theory but some were probably motivated more by economicShow MoreRelatedRational Choice Theory And Juvenile Delinquency2372 Words   |  10 Pages In my opinion on a theory that out of all the theories we have learned, the rational choice theory is a good theory to juvenile delinquency. â€Å"Rational choice theory and its assumptions about human behavior have been integrated into several criminological theories and criminal justice interventions. Rational choice theory originated during the late 18th century with the work of Cesare Beccaria. Since then, the theory has been expanded upon and extended to include other perspectives, such as deterrenceRead MoreEssay on Juvenile Delinquency1652 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency Everyday we read in the newspaper or watch T.V and hear news of crimes committed by Juveniles. With all of the crime being reported by the media about juveniles, one can’t help but wonder if all of our nation’s youth are juvenile delinquents. Although there are many cases where the juvenile did not commit a serious crime, there are others where the crime is so bad the juvenile court system tries the juvenile as an adult. Instead of seeking help for the individual, our justiceRead MoreTheories of Juvenile Delinquency703 Words   |  3 PagesTheories of Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile delinquency is a threat to society and accordingly, the need to develop an understanding of the deviant behavior is of an utmost importance. There are several theories that explain delinquency and collectively, they provide a greater understanding for administrators and policy makers that are essential in developing programs and treatments that reduce juvenile delinquency and minimize its impact on our societies. This paper will discuss two prominent theoriesRead MoreCriminological Theories Of Juvenile Violence845 Words   |  4 Pagesdecades include juvenile violence. Juveniles can commit violence for an infinite amount of reasons like parental abuse, being bullied in school or peers, mental illness, and other outside factors. Juvenile are in a period in their lives where countless aspects can influence the way they think, act, and even speak. Criminological theories have been created and tested to factor why juveniles partake in crime and why do they tend to be influence d to continuously break the law. Theories like micro, macroRead MoreThe Theory Of Routine Activity Theory870 Words   |  4 PagesChoice theory (routine activity) or trait theories (bio social and psychological), which is responsible for more criminal activity? In order to determine which one causes more criminal activity, they each must be defined. Choice Theory (routine activity) Rational choice theory commonly known as choice theory is based off of beliefs from classic criminology, which believe that individuals freely choose their behavior and are motivated by the pursuit of gratification and the attempt to avoid painRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime Causation Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pages Theories of Crime Causation Dolores Jackson Williams Colorado Technical University Juvenile offender 1. Biological theory states that the individual will have certain traits will be transmitted from parent to children through genetics and not from social learning. Along with the juvenile having similar facial characteristics, which some believe also predisposes them to criminal behavior (Palmerin, 2012). 2. Rational choice theory states that the person will make sensible and reasonableRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Theories Stem From An Array Of Individual,829 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile Delinquency theories stem from an array of individual, social and environmental conditions, in so labeling certain causes as to why juveniles commit criminal acts. Juveniles are identified as minors-under the age of 18, in which are treated separately for criminal offenses. In the film Kids, delinquent behavior is constantly demonstrated throughout the progression of the film. The film depicts a group of sexually active teenagers in New York City. Many of the characters exhibited at-riskRead MoreThe Legal System Of School1438 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the seventeenth and eighteenth century, multiple developments that occurred in England aided in the advancements and recognition of children’s rights. Over time, these advancements affected the juvenile legal system as it emerged in Americ a. These changes include changes in family style and child care, the English Poor Laws, the apprenticeship movement, and the role of the chancery court. (Siegel and Welsh) Changes in family structure made a huge difference with children’s rights. MarriageRead More Rational Choice Theory Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesThere are three main points that are reinforced in rational choice theory (Cornish and Clarke, 1986). First, it may work better or worse for different types of crime, yet it is thought that there are rational choices in every type of crime even impulsive and pathologic crimes. Second, the theory should be applied on a crime-specific basis. Hence, burglaries can’t be grouped together in among residential and commercial categories. Rather, they must be broken into smaller facets such as publicRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is An Example Of Deviant Behavior1974 Words   |  8 Pagesagainst the social norms of a society. Most of the time Juvenile behaviors are recognized as deviant because the general population does not accept it. Juvenile delinquency is an example of deviant behavior. The reason being is because people in society does not accept or thinks that their behaviors are not normal. Social conditions in the United States such immigration and dramatic increase in urbanization is the direct result of hundred juveniles being involved in criminal activities. In recent years

Umm Kulthum - 1539 Words

Introduction A naturally occurring talent can be an invaluable asset through life and posthumously for an individual. One such person is Umm Kulthum; a celebrated Egyptian singer who lived through the 20th century until 3rd of February 1975 to become one of the most famous Arab vocalists in history. This paper aims at discussing the life and times of the star who is still honored today in the Arab world, even more than forty years since her death. Additionally, this paper looks at her contribution to Egypt at her time and at contemporary times. Early life Umm was born in the village of Tamay e-Zahayra near the city of al Sinbillawayn in the Nile Delta south of Cairo into a poor family. Her birth date is not clearly known. Umm had†¦show more content†¦Her performances had a political inclination as well, stirring emotions in favor of a revolution. It later came in 1952. Umm strategized to grow even more by instructing her poet Ahmad Rami to write a national song in favor of the new Abd al Nasir administration. Other pieces supporting the government were drafted as well documenting the Suez Canal and the High Dam among others. Monthly concerts grew into a pan Arab event drawing millions of listeners to her broadcasts; even drawing some businesses such as taxi cabs to a standstill just to listen to her performances. Aside from her pioneering religious pieces, Umm was also a performer of Tarab music; which was more urban but still maintained its traditional feel. This performance succeeded mainly as a result of audience partici pation. It was believed that Umm cast a spell on the crowds. In the 1960s, Umm collaborated with the majestic Muhammad Abd al-Wahhab, a favorite of the government at that time and they would jointly perform for Abd al-Nasir. This musical alliance saw the release of one of Umm’s most famous hits, the Inta Umri meaning ‘You are my life.’ She would perform this song end to end repeatedly as the crowds could not get enough of her. In 1967, Egypt was at war and lost. National pride was low and the patriotic Umm launched a series of concerts motivating people across the Middle East countries in herShow MoreRelatedThe Music Of Arabic Music1521 Words   |  7 Pagesreestablish Arabic music, to present more congruity and polyphony, and in addition broadening the orchestra.Song and verse The key beginning stage for Arabic music is song.Even before this, the greats of Arabic music, for example, Mohammad Abdel Wahab, Umm Kulthum, Abdel Halim Hafex and numerous others had or iginate from Egypt. Many artists and music scholars of the Arab world attribute particular conditions of feeling to specific maqamat.In their works, they have made a musical amalgamation that connectionsRead MoreIslam Is A Monotheistic Religion2152 Words   |  9 Pages(PBUH) and Khadijah had a very pleasant and prosperous life. They had six children together; two sons and four daughters. Sadly, both of the sons – Qasim and Abdullah – died in infancy. The names of their four daughters were: Zainab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatimah (Zahoor). As the city of Mecca grew the ideas that developed had disturbed Muhammad (PBUH). He didn’t believe in materialism and the worship of many idols. To get away from it, Muhammad (PBUH) would take long trips to a mountain caveRead MoreTen Blessed Companions2152 Words   |  9 Pageswas well known for his noble lineage, wealth and beauty. He was given the title DHUN NURAYN (possessor of the two lights) because he married the two daughters of Our Beloved Prophet (Sallalaho Alaihi Wasallam), namely Hazrat Sayidatuna Ruqaya and Umm Kulthum (Radi Allah Anhuma). Amongst his greatest works was helped the Muslims prepare for the expedition to Tabuk donating 300 camels and 3000 dinars to the Muslim army after which the Holy Prophet (Sallalaho Alaihi Wasallam) testified his status for him

Does Sex Sell Free Essays

Whether they are on TV, radio, or in a magazine, there is no way that you can escape advertisements. They all have their target audience who they have specifically designed the ad for. This is a multi billion dollar industry and advertisers study many ways that they can attract people’s attention. We will write a custom essay sample on Does Sex Sell or any similar topic only for you Order Now One way that is used the most and is in some ways very controversial is use of sex to sell products. Evan Williams, a company who sells whiskey, released a print ad of a young woman dressed in her Sunday best on one side of the advertisement saying â€Å"the longer you wait†. On the other side they have a picture of the same woman as an adult dressed in a sexual manner saying â€Å"the better it gets†. In the middle of the ad is a bottle of their whiskey and next to that it says â€Å"aged seven years†. An analysis of the Evan Williams advertisement will include the appeals of ethos, logos, and pathos. The target audience is both males and females in their late teens to mid twenties. This company gets the male side of the equation by getting their attention and interest drawn to the attractive woman on the right with bright colors, drawing your attention there, as well as the bottle of whiskey which is right in the middle of the page. One way to try and get the females to look at the advertisement and read it is by showing a very plain girl who seems to be very typical of girls during their younger years. On the side of that picture they show the same girl who now has become a woman, and is very attractive and just seems so much more powerful and sure of herself. One way that you can achieve that is to drink Evan Williams Kentucky straight bourbon whiskey. I feel that this advertisement is not very ethical at all. They send the message that if you do not wear sexy clothes and try and act sexy then you are not good enough. The logic behind the advertisement is almost in all essence, sexual. They are using a woman who is very attractive with bright colors standing next to a bottle of whiskey. As well, they try and use their slogan that goes with their product and apply it to a completely different situation with a woman. They show how much â€Å"better it gets† when it is aged seven years. This is very degrading to the woman because they portray her as being ugly in the first photo, but after seven years, less clothing, and makeup she is much better. There is nothing wrong with the girl on the left who is just plain and simple. When you have to wear something sexual to get noticed it just continues to drain away from the collective respectability of our society. They try to play sexual emotions in this advertisement. They show an attractive woman and a bottle of whiskey. They try and make it seem that if you drink their product that you can get this woman. Also they try and use the emotions of the females talking about how a decent looking woman can become very attractive. The newer picture also is more vibrant plus she is wearing a lot more sexually provocative clothing than her old self, who is covered up and not showing any skin. It also seems to draw onto girls that have a lower self esteem. Showing that you will become a much happier person if you are good looking and dressed very sexually, than if you are not better looking. Personally I think that this is an unethical dilemma that we face in society today. Using sex to sell products is something that companies should stay away from. Depicting images of people for personal gain is not right in my opinion. Unfortunately in our society this form of advertisement is accepted. This ad is although one that does appeal to its targets by using clever wording. How to cite Does Sex Sell, Essay examples

Acknowledgement free essay sample

With the name of Allah the most gracious and the most graceful, Alhamdulillah, all praise and thanks to almighty Allah S. W. T. for His kindness and blessing to give us strength to accomplish this task on time. The notable whom we wish to acknowledge is my lecturer of IMD 206, Mr. Ahmad Sufi Alawi Bin Idris for the guidance, knowledge, and great encouragement. We have deeply indebted his in accomplishing this assignment. Our special appreciation are dedicated to all lectures and beloved families especially our parents for believing us. Their understanding, encouragement and continuous support throughout the duration of article review are most appreciated. Lastly, thanks to all our friends for their support and helping me directly or indirectly to complete this assignment. We have obtained many definition about this terms and keywords and hopefully, I can fully understand all this definition of this words. Alhamdulillah. Background of the project We have decided to choose the topic â€Å"Benefit of Candy† to be our main title for this assignment. We are very grateful for this wonderful accomplishment. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who contributed to this feasibility study and I am grateful to each and every one of them. First and foremost, I would like to express my most heartfelt gratitude to Ms. Laura Lungarotti of IOM’s office in Cairo for her constant encouragement and support throughout the entire study. Her willingness and eagerness to listen to my ideas and make helpful suggestions in the interest of enhancing the study greatly facilitated both the fieldwork and the composition of the final report. Mr. Ricardo Cordero, also an IOM Cairo staff, and Mr. Guglielmo Schinina, an IOM consultant, lent their support to the study with numerous timely ideas as well. I also would like to thank my research assistant, Ms. Noor Baabad, of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour (MoSAL), whose translations, interpretations, facilitation and coordination of meetings, and arrangement of logistics contributed greatly to this study. Mr. Hameed Ahmed Sukhim drove us to countless communities in Hajja, Hodeida, and Al Mahweet Governorates and provided a helping hand in arranging logistics and handling administrative matters for us. His tireless efforts and his tremendous energy enabled us to complete the fieldwork portion of the study in five weeks. Two IOM colleagues to whom I am grateful are Mr. Richard Danziger and Mr. Davide Terzi of IOM Geneva and IOM Accra, respectively, both of whose constant support has encouraged me to strive to improve my work and continue to make progress in moving forward with ever-more challenging and rewarding initiatives, including this feasibility study. The assistance of Mr. Eric Peasah of IOM’s office in Accra in designing the research instruments, discussing the objectives and findings of the study, and reviewing and providing extensive feedback on the final report, has contributed immensely to the enhancement of this study. His fresh ideas, perspectives, and insights never cease to amaze me. Special thanks also go to all the representatives of government institutions, especially MoSAL, civil society organizations, and local authorities, including all stakeholders, opinion leaders, and community leaders, who provided information and expended time and effort in assisting us to locate and identify trafficked children and their parents. Mr. Haitham Al Shaif and Mr. Ameen Mohammed Alaleei of the MoSAL office in Hajja were particularly helpful in this regard. Special thanks are in order for the entire staff of the Haradh Reception Centre as well for their hard work in compiling data on trafficked children who had transited through the centre, their parents, and members of the local council in their respective districts, who were able to assist us in locating some of the children and parents. Finally, Dr. Souad Al-Hebshi of UNICEF deserves credit for recognizing the need for such a study to be conducted at this point in time and taking action by commissioning IOM and MoSAL to do so. In various meetings, her helpful constructive criticism led to the inclusion of several geographical areas and methodologies into the study, which served to enrich it. To all those who contributed to this study but were not mentioned specifically, I would like to express my most sincere appreciation for your efforts. As with any study of this nature, it was a team effort and the compilation of this report was only made possible because of the work and energy of so many people. Any errors to be found in this document, however, are solely my own.